One of the common symptoms of liver disease is an enlarged and swollen abdomen. But why does this happen? This condition is caused by fluid buildup that the liver fails to regulate. Medically, this is known as ascites.
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Understanding Ascites in Liver Disease
In a healthy body, the liver and kidneys work together to regulate fluids. However, when the liver is damaged, the kidneys struggle to manage fluid balance, causing excess fluid to accumulate in the peritoneal cavity (the space within the abdomen). As more fluid builds up, the abdomen swells further.
Ascites is commonly found in individuals with liver diseases such as cirrhosis.
Symptoms of Ascites
The main symptom of ascites is a swollen abdomen and significant weight gain. However, other symptoms may also appear, including:
- Shortness of breath
- Digestive issues
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Back pain
- Difficulty sitting
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Swelling in the legs or ankles
Causes of Ascites
Aside from cirrhosis, ascites can also be triggered by other health conditions, such as:
1. Liver Failure
Liver failure occurs when the liver loses its ability to function properly, often due to viral infections, alcohol toxicity, or certain medications. This can lead to fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity.
2. Kidney Failure
Kidney failure prevents the kidneys from effectively filtering waste and fluids, leading to fluid retention throughout the body, including the abdomen.
3. Liver Cancer
Liver cancer can cause abdominal swelling through ascites by blocking blood flow to the liver, increasing portal vein pressure, and allowing fluid to accumulate. Additionally, liver tumors may damage the peritoneum, enabling fluid leakage into the abdominal cavity.
4. Hypoalbuminemia
Hypoalbuminemia is a condition where blood albumin levels are low. Albumin helps maintain fluid balance in the blood, and low levels can cause fluid leakage into surrounding tissues, leading to abdominal swelling.
Treatment for Ascites
The treatment for ascites depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, addressing the primary condition can resolve ascites. For instance, if ascites results from cirrhosis, treatment may include:
- Medications: To reduce blood pressure in the portal vein and eliminate excess fluid through diuretics.
- Liver transplant: For severe liver damage, a transplant may be necessary.
In other cases, ascites may not be curable but can be managed through:
- Diuretics: These medications help remove excess fluid via urine.
- Low-sodium diet: Reducing salt intake minimizes fluid retention.
- Paracentesis: A procedure where a large needle is used to drain excess fluid from the abdominal cavity.
- Surgical procedures: In some instances, surgical intervention may be required to control ascites.
Preventing Ascites
Preventing ascites largely involves preventing liver disease. Some key steps include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Limiting or avoiding alcohol consumption
- Avoiding illegal drugs and unprescribed medications
- Getting vaccinated for hepatitis B and C
- Regular health checkups for early detection
When to See a Doctor
Ascites is a serious medical condition that can stem from various health issues. If you experience liver disease symptoms along with unexplained abdominal swelling, seek medical consultation immediately. Early treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
For expert liver care, visit the Digestive & Liver Clinic at Mandaya Hospital. Our experienced specialists and advanced medical equipment offer comprehensive treatments, from medications to surgical procedures.
Book an appointment by reaching us through Whatsapp Chat or via our Care Dokter app, available on Google Play and the App Store. You can also check queue numbers and access complete medical information through the app.
