Liver cirrhosis occurs when the liver becomes filled with scar tissue. This scar tissue forms due to inflammation that does not heal properly.
An incomplete healing process leads to scar tissue buildup, which can block blood flow and impair normal liver function. While cirrhosis is generally irreversible, proper treatment and a healthy lifestyle can slow disease progression and prevent complications.
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Causes of Liver Cirrhosis
When the liver becomes inflamed, its cells may suffer damage. As the liver attempts to heal itself, scar tissue can develop. This means that the more frequently liver inflammation occurs, the higher the risk of cirrhosis.
The primary causes of liver cirrhosis include:
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Long-term alcohol consumption can significantly damage the liver, leading to fatty liver disease and increasing the risk of cirrhosis.
- Hepatitis B and C: Chronic infections with hepatitis B or C viruses can cause liver inflammation, eventually leading to cirrhosis.
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): This condition, characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, can progress to cirrhosis if left untreated.
- Autoimmune diseases: Certain autoimmune disorders, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), can attack the liver and cause cirrhosis.
- Cholestatic diseases: Conditions that disrupt bile flow from the liver can contribute to cirrhosis.
Symptoms of Liver Cirrhosis
In its early stages, cirrhosis often has no noticeable symptoms. However, in later stages, common symptoms may include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Unintentional weight loss
- Bloating
- Swelling in the legs and ankles
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Confusion or cognitive decline
- Easy bruising and bleeding
- Dark or bloody stools
Treatment for Liver Cirrhosis
Although cirrhosis cannot be cured, proper treatment can help slow the spread of scar tissue and preserve remaining healthy liver tissue.
Some approaches to managing liver cirrhosis include:
- Quitting alcohol: Avoiding alcohol can reduce further liver scarring.
- Hepatitis treatment: If cirrhosis is caused by hepatitis, antiviral medications for hepatitis B or C can help slow liver damage.
- Lifestyle changes: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight can support liver health.
- Medications: Doctors may prescribe medications to manage cirrhosis symptoms such as portal hypertension, itching, and hepatic encephalopathy.
- Liver transplant: In severe cases, a liver transplant may be the only effective treatment option.
Prevention
The best way to prevent liver cirrhosis is by avoiding its risk factors, such as:
- Limiting alcohol intake: Drink alcohol in moderation or avoid it altogether.
- Getting vaccinated for hepatitis B: This vaccine protects against hepatitis B infection.
- Practicing safe sex: Using condoms during intercourse can help prevent the spread of hepatitis B and C.
- Maintaining a healthy weight: Prevent obesity by following a healthy diet and engaging in regular exercise.
- Getting tested for hepatitis: If you are at high risk for hepatitis, undergo regular screenings for hepatitis B and C.
Liver cirrhosis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Additionally, individuals with cirrhosis have a higher risk of developing liver cancer.
Early detection and proper treatment are crucial for managing the disease and improving quality of life. By avoiding risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, you can help prevent liver cirrhosis.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you experience any suspicious symptoms, consult a doctor immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment. Regular health check-ups are also recommended.
Medical check-ups typically include liver function tests, allowing you to discuss your liver health with a doctor.
Don’t hesitate to visit Mandaya Hospital for expert consultation. Our Digestive & Liver Clinic provides top-quality care for liver cirrhosis.
Supported by experienced specialists and advanced medical equipment, we offer treatment options ranging from medication to specialized procedures for managing cirrhosis.
Book an appointment through WhatsApp, Book Appointment feature, or the Care Dokter app, available for download on Google Play and the App Store. You can also monitor queue numbers and access other important information conveniently.
