Hyperthyroidism occurs when the body has an excess of thyroid hormones due to overproduction by the thyroid gland. This excess can accelerate metabolism, leading to various symptoms that affect overall health, such as irregular heartbeat, tremors, and weight loss.
Hyperthyroidism is the opposite of hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland produces too little hormone.
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Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
The symptoms of excessive thyroid hormones vary depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s age. In some cases, they may resemble other illnesses.
Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- Sudden weight loss
- Fast or irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations)
- Excessive sweating
- Tremors or shaking in the hands and fingers
- Anxiety and irritability
- Difficulty sleeping
- Thyroid gland enlargement (goiter)
- Neck lumps
- Fatigue and muscle weakness
- Increased appetite
- Changes in menstrual cycles in women
- Thinning skin
- Excessive hunger
- Changes in hair texture
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
Excessive thyroid hormone production can be caused by several factors, such as:
- Graves’ disease: An autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to overproduce thyroid hormones.
- Thyroid nodules: Lumps in the thyroid gland that can produce excess hormones.
- Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can lead to the release of excessive thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
- Excessive iodine intake: Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, and too much iodine consumption can stimulate hormone production.
Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism
To diagnose hyperthyroidism, doctors typically perform a physical examination, especially checking the neck for swelling. Additional tests may include:
- Blood tests: To measure levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- Thyroid scan: Imaging tests such as ultrasound or thyroid scintigraphy to assess the gland’s size and activity.
- Radioactive iodine uptake test: To determine how much iodine the thyroid gland absorbs from the blood.
Treatment for Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism can be treated, although some individuals may need lifelong medication to manage their symptoms. Treatment options depend on the cause, age, overall health, and severity of symptoms. Common treatment methods include:
- Antithyroid medications: Drugs such as methimazole and propylthiouracil help reduce thyroid hormone production.
- Radioactive iodine therapy: A nuclear medicine treatment that destroys overactive thyroid cells to reduce hormone production.
- Surgery: Partial or complete removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) may be necessary in certain cases, especially if there are toxic nodules or a large goiter.
- Beta-blockers: These medications do not reduce hormone production but help control symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and tremors.
Preventing Hyperthyroidism
Some measures that can help prevent or manage hyperthyroidism include:
- Regulating iodine intake: Consuming an appropriate amount of iodine through iodized salt, dairy products, and seafood.
- Managing stress: Relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga can help reduce stress, which may impact thyroid function.
- Following medical advice: Always adhere to your doctor’s instructions regarding medication and treatment.
Hyperthyroidism is a serious medical condition that requires proper medical attention. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most people with hyperthyroidism can effectively manage their symptoms and lead a healthy life.
When to See a Doctor?
If you suspect that you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism, consult a doctor immediately for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
For specialized thyroid care, consider visiting Mandaya Hospital. Our Thyroid Center offers comprehensive services, supported by experienced specialists and advanced medical equipment, ranging from medication to thyroid ablation procedures.
Schedule a consultation via WhatsApp Chat, Book Appointment, or through the Care Dokter app, available on Google Play and the App Store.
