Approximately 1 in 5 breast cancer cases occur due to an overproduction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). When this happens, the condition is classified as HER2-positive breast cancer.
The HER2 status of a breast cancer patient, whether positive or negative, determines the type of treatment they will receive.
What is HER2-Positive Breast Cancer?
HER2-positive breast cancer is a type of invasive breast cancer where cancer cells grow rapidly. This condition is characterized by an excessive amount of HER2 protein in the body.
HER2-positive breast cancer occurs when the HER2 gene mutates. This gene is responsible for producing the HER2 protein, which plays a role in breast cell development and regeneration. However, when mutated, the HER2 protein (or receptor) divides abnormally, leading to the formation of cancer cells.
HER2-positive breast cancer has a higher risk of metastasis and recurrence even after treatment. However, the chances of recovery are significantly high if detected and treated early.
Compared to HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer responds more effectively to treatments targeting the HER2 protein.
There are no distinct symptoms that differentiate HER2-positive breast cancer from other types of breast cancer.
Diagnosis of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
A breast cancer diagnosis typically involves several medical procedures, such as mammograms, breast MRIs, and biopsies. However, these tests alone do not determine HER2 status.
Doctors usually recommend HER2 testing if the breast cancer is invasive, as this helps determine the appropriate treatment.
Tests to determine HER2 status include:
1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
To determine whether HER2 status is positive or negative, doctors conduct an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. This test assesses HER2 levels in breast cancer cells.
IHC test results are categorized as follows:
- A score of 0 or 1+ indicates HER2-negative status.
- A score of 2+ is borderline, requiring further testing.
- A score of 3+ indicates HER2-positive status.
2. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
If the IHC test yields a 2+ result, doctors may recommend an additional test called fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This test detects abnormal copies of the HER2 gene.
FISH test results are either positive or negative. A positive result confirms HER2-positive breast cancer.
Treatment Options for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
HER2-positive breast cancer is an invasive type of breast cancer with a high risk of spreading. The treatment approach depends on the cancer stage and the patient’s overall condition.
Common treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer include:
1. Targeted Therapy
This treatment specifically targets HER2 receptors on cancer cells using monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates designed to attack the cancer cell surface.
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is often used to shrink tumors before surgery or to eliminate remaining cancer cells after surgery.
Treatments that specifically target the HER2 gene or protein are highly effective, significantly improving recovery rates, especially when detected early.
HER2-positive breast cancer patients may also receive hormone therapy if hormone receptors are present in the cancer cells or if the cancer is linked to BRCA genetic mutations.
Additional Treatment Options
Doctors may recommend a combination of treatments, including:
- Breast cancer surgery, such as lumpectomy or mastectomy.
- Breast reconstruction surgery
- Radiotherapy
Like other types of breast cancer, completely preventing HER2-positive breast cancer may not be possible. However, regular screenings or self-examinations (commonly known as SADARI) can help with early detection.
The earlier breast cancer is detected, the higher the chances of recovery and better the prognosis.
Consult a Specialist
Discuss with your doctor to determine the best treatment plan for your breast cancer. For expert oncological care, visit the Breast Advance Cancer Center (BRAVE) at Mandaya Royal Hospital for consultations with top specialists.
Book an appointment via WhatsApp chat, the Book Appointment page, or the Care Dokter app, available on Google Play and the App Store. You can also monitor your queue number for a more convenient consultation experience with your doctor.
