Goiter is a condition where the thyroid gland becomes enlarged, making the neck appear swollen. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. Its primary function is to produce hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism.
Generally, unless caused by cancer or other health conditions, goiter is not harmful. However, it can interfere with the daily lives of those affected. The good news is that this thyroid condition is not contagious.
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Causes of Goiter
Several factors can lead to the development of goiter, including:
1. Iodine Deficiency
Iodine deficiency is the primary cause of goiter. To produce hormones, the thyroid gland requires iodine. When the body lacks iodine, the thyroid gland attempts to produce new cells to increase hormone production, leading to its enlargement.
2. Hashimoto’s Disease
Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis) and leads to its enlargement. Goiter caused by Hashimoto’s disease may improve on its own, but medical treatment is still necessary.
3. Graves’ Disease
Similar to Hashimoto’s disease, Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the thyroid gland, potentially causing goiter and hyperthyroidism.
4. Pregnancy
During pregnancy, the body produces gonadotropin hormone, which can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge.
5. Thyroid Cancer
Cancer occurring in the thyroid gland can also lead to goiter.
Symptoms of Goiter
The symptoms of goiter can vary depending on the size of the thyroid gland and the severity of the condition. Possible symptoms include:
- Swelling or a lump in the neck
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- Persistent coughing
- A feeling of pressure in the throat
- Hoarseness or other changes in voice
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors typically perform a physical examination and may conduct blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or a biopsy may also be done to further assess the thyroid gland’s condition.
Treatment for goiter depends on its cause. If it is due to iodine deficiency, doctors may prescribe iodine supplements. For more severe cases, medication or even surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland may be necessary.
Prevention of Goiter
To prevent goiter, it is important to consume iodine-rich foods such as seafood, iodized salt, and other marine products. Additionally, avoid exposure to harmful chemicals that can affect thyroid health.
Goiter is a medical condition that requires attention, especially if its symptoms interfere with daily activities. With proper diagnosis and management, many cases of goiter can be effectively treated, allowing patients to enjoy a better quality of life.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor immediately if you experience symptoms of goiter. Do not hesitate to seek consultation at Mandaya Hospital. Our Indonesia Thyroid Center offers the best services for managing goiter and other thyroid-related issues. Supported by experienced specialists and comprehensive medical equipment, we provide treatments ranging from medication to ablation procedures for goiter.
Book an Appointment or download the Care Dokter app available on Google Play and the App Store. You can also contact us via Whatsapp Chat. Besides scheduling appointments, you can monitor queue numbers and access other detailed information there.
