Congenital heart disease is a condition where abnormalities occur in the structure or function of the heart from birth. These abnormalities can affect the heart chambers (ventricles), atria, heart valves, or major blood vessels leaving the heart. Congenital heart disease can be mild and asymptomatic, but in some cases, it can be severe and even fatal.
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Causes of Congenital Heart Disease
A baby’s heart forms within the first six weeks of pregnancy. Any disturbances or abnormalities during this crucial period can lead to congenital heart disease.
To date, experts do not fully understand what causes these disruptions in heart development. However, several factors are believed to increase the risk, including:
- Genetic factors: Mutations in certain genes can cause abnormalities in fetal heart development.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to specific chemicals or infections during pregnancy can interfere with fetal heart formation.
- Chromosomal abnormalities: Conditions such as Down syndrome are associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease.
Symptoms of Congenital Heart Disease
The symptoms of congenital heart disease vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
- Fatigue, even with minimal exertion
- Bluish skin, particularly around the lips, nails, or fingertips
- Slow growth in infants and children
- Swelling in the legs or abdomen
- Chest pain
- Fainting
In newborns, symptoms may include:
- Difficulty breathing
- Bluish skin
- Refusal to feed
- Lack of weight gain
Some heart abnormalities present symptoms at birth, while others may not appear until later in childhood or adulthood.
Types of Congenital Heart Disease
There are various types of congenital heart defects, including:
- Septal defects (“hole in the heart”): An opening in the wall separating the right and left sides of the heart.
- Heart valve abnormalities: Also known as “leaky heart,” where defective valves disrupt blood flow in and out of the heart.
- Abnormalities in major blood vessels: Affecting the arteries and veins that transport blood to and from the heart.
Diagnosis
To diagnose congenital heart disease, doctors perform a physical examination, listen to the heart, and conduct several tests, such as:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the heart’s electrical activity.
- Echocardiography (heart ultrasound): Uses sound waves to create images of the heart’s motion and blood flow.
- Cardiac MRI: Provides detailed images of the heart.
- Chest X-ray: Examines heart size and shape.
- Cardiac catheterization: An invasive procedure to measure blood pressure inside the heart.
Treatment for Congenital Heart Disease
The treatment for congenital heart disease depends on the severity and type of defect. In mild cases, no specific intervention may be needed, and regular monitoring may suffice.
Possible treatments include:
- Medications: Used to manage symptoms and improve heart function.
- Surgery: Corrective procedures to repair structural defects, including valve replacement surgeries.
- Cardiac catheterization: A minimally invasive technique to close holes or improve blood flow.
- Heart transplant: In severe cases, a heart transplant may be considered as a last resort.
It is important to note that congenital heart disease is treatable, and many patients can lead normal lives with proper care.
Prevention of Congenital Heart Disease
While not all cases of congenital heart disease can be prevented, certain steps can reduce the risk, such as:
- Consulting a doctor before pregnancy, especially for mothers with a history of heart disease or genetic disorders.
- Maintaining a healthy pregnancy by eating nutritious foods, avoiding harmful substances, and undergoing regular prenatal check-ups.
When to See a Doctor?
If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above in your child, it is crucial to seek medical advice promptly. Doctors may conduct further examinations, such as heart ultrasounds (echocardiography) or other tests, to diagnose the condition and determine appropriate treatment.
Congenital heart disease in children is a serious condition requiring medical attention. Early detection and intervention can ensure the child receives the necessary care to maintain optimal health and quality of life into adulthood.
Expert Heart Care at Mandaya Hospital
If you have concerns about congenital heart disease in children, consult with experts at Mandaya Hospital. Our Heart Center is among the best in handling heart conditions, including congenital heart defects. With experienced cardiologists, modern medical equipment, and comprehensive facilities, we are dedicated to addressing heart problems in children.
Additionally, our hospital offers heart check-up packages in various categories, including Basic, Standard, Comprehensive, and Ultimate. You can choose the most suitable package for your needs.
Use our Chat via WhatsApp, Book Appointment, or Care Doctor App (available on Google Play and App Store) for easy scheduling, queue number updates, and complete information.