Several types of vaginal cancer are important for women to be aware of. Vaginal cancer is the growth of abnormal cells that begin in the vagina. These cells multiply rapidly and can invade and destroy healthy body tissues. In reality, vaginal cancer is rare. Most cases of cancer found in the vagina originate from other parts of the body and spread to the vagina.
Types of Vaginal Cancer
There are several types of vaginal cancer, categorized based on the cells in the vagina where cancer starts.
1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of vaginal cancer that originates in the flat cells lining the vagina, known as squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of vaginal cancer, accounting for nearly 90% of all vaginal cancer cases.
2. Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is a type of vaginal cancer that starts in the glandular cells of the vagina. This type is most common in individuals over 50 years old. Clear cell adenocarcinoma is an exception, as it is more frequently found in individuals under 50 who were exposed to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) while developing in the womb.
3. Melanoma
Melanoma is a type of vaginal cancer that begins in the cells responsible for providing color to the vagina, called melanocytes. Vaginal melanoma is a very rare form of cancer.
4. Sarcoma
Sarcoma is a type of vaginal cancer that originates in the connective tissues and muscle tissues that form the vaginal walls. Similar to vaginal melanoma, sarcoma is extremely rare. Additionally, vaginal sarcoma is divided into several types, the most common being rhabdomyosarcoma, which frequently occurs in children. Another type of vaginal sarcoma is leiomyosarcoma, which is most commonly found in individuals over 50 years old.
Symptoms of Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer may not cause any symptoms in its early stages. However, as it progresses, it can lead to the following signs and symptoms:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding, such as after menopause or after sexual intercourse
- Vaginal discharge
- Lump or mass in the vagina
- Painful urination
- Frequent urination
- Constipation
- Pelvic pain
Causes and Risk Factors of Vaginal Cancer
Several factors can increase the risk of vaginal cancer, including:
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Aging
The risk of vaginal cancer increases with age. This type of cancer is most commonly found in older adults.
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Exposure to Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus. HPV is believed to be a trigger for many types of cancer, including vaginal cancer. For most people, an HPV infection clears on its own and never causes any issues. However, for some, HPV can cause cellular changes in the vagina, increasing cancer risk.
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Smoking
Smoking tobacco can increase the risk of developing vaginal cancer.
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Exposure to Miscarriage Prevention Drugs
If your parents took the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy, your risk of developing vaginal cancer may be higher. Diethylstilbestrol, or DES, was previously used to prevent miscarriage. This drug has been linked to a type of vaginal cancer known as clear cell adenocarcinoma.
Do you have any further questions about the different types of vaginal cancer or want to consult more deeply about this type of cancer? Don’t hesitate to visit Mandaya Royal Hospital Puri. Our hospital is equipped with modern medical technology to treat various types of cancer, supported by a team of experienced specialists in their field.
Use the Chat via WhatsApp, Book Appointment, or Care Dokter app, which can be downloaded on Google Play and App Store, to facilitate your visit, check queue numbers, and access complete information.
