The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. In men, it is positioned just below the Adam’s apple. This gland plays a vital role in regulating various bodily functions through the production of thyroid hormones.
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Functions of the Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland produces two main hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones affect almost every cell in the body and have several key functions:
- Regulating Metabolism
Thyroid hormones increase basal metabolism, which is the rate at which the body burns calories to produce energy. This impacts body weight, temperature, and energy levels. - Growth and Development
In children, thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and physical growth. A deficiency of thyroid hormones during childhood can lead to delays in both mental and physical development. - Heart Function
Thyroid hormones help regulate heart function by influencing heart rate and contraction strength while also maintaining blood pressure. - Regulating Body Temperature
Thyroid hormones assist in regulating body temperature by increasing heat production through metabolism. - Nervous System Function
These hormones ensure the nervous system functions properly, affecting mood and cognitive abilities.
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
Like other organs, the thyroid gland can also experience dysfunction. Several conditions can cause thyroid diseases and interfere with its function, such as:
- Hypothyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, depression, and dry skin.
- Hyperthyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much hormone. Symptoms include unintended weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and excessive sweating.
- Goiter: An enlarged thyroid gland that may be caused by iodine deficiency, Graves’ disease, or thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland).
- Thyroid Nodules: Lumps that develop in the thyroid gland, which can be benign or malignant (thyroid cancer).
- Thyroid Cancer: Although rare, thyroid cancer can occur and requires proper diagnosis and treatment.
Maintaining Thyroid Health
To maintain a healthy thyroid gland, consider the following steps:
- Consume sufficient iodine: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Iodized salt, dairy products, and seafood are good sources of iodine.
- Balanced diet: Eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals like selenium and zinc can help support thyroid function.
- Regular health check-ups: Routine medical check-ups can help detect thyroid disorders early.
- Manage stress: Prolonged stress can affect thyroid function. Relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation can help manage stress.
- Avoid excessive radiation exposure: High radiation exposure can damage the thyroid gland and increase the risk of thyroid cancer.
Maintaining thyroid function is essential for overall health. Therefore, it is important to adopt these measures to ensure the thyroid gland functions properly.
When to See a Doctor?
If you suspect symptoms indicating a thyroid disorder, consult a doctor immediately for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.
Feel free to consult with our top specialists at the Advance Thyroid Centre at Mandaya Hospital. Our experienced endocrinologists provide the best care for various thyroid conditions. Supported by expert specialists and complete medical equipment, we offer treatments ranging from medication to ablation procedures for thyroid disorders.
Book an appointment through WhatsApp Chat, Book Appointment, or download the Care Dokter app on Google Play and the App Store for an easier visit, queue tracking, and complete information.