Lower back pain, often referred to as lumbar pain, is a common condition affecting many individuals. Some people describe it as lower back pain, while others call it waist pain. There are several reasons why the lower back may hurt, ranging from muscle problems, joint issues in the spine, bone disorders, to nerve-related conditions.
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Causes of Lower Back Pain
The lower back, or lumbar spine, consists of several vertebrae. Among all spinal segments, the lower back bears the most weight, making it more susceptible to pain compared to other spinal areas.
Here are 10 common causes of lower back pain:
1. Muscle Spasms
The spine is supported by various muscles and ligaments. The stronger these structures are, the less strain is placed on the bones. When the muscles and ligaments in the lumbar area experience strain or tension, pain is often felt. This tension commonly occurs due to repetitive heavy lifting.
2. Pinched Nerve
A pinched nerve in the spinal area can also cause lower back pain. The spine is made up of vertebrae, with discs acting as cushions between them. Excessive pressure, injury, or accidents can cause the discs to rupture, allowing their inner core to press against the nerves, leading to pain.
3. Injury
Falls, accidents, or direct trauma can lead to spinal problems and cause pain. The pain might be immediate or develop over time, sometimes appearing even years after the injury.
4. Poor Posture
Incorrect posture can contribute to lower back pain. For example, prolonged improper sitting posture can alter spinal alignment, leading to back pain. Additionally, incorrect posture while performing daily activities, such as bending incorrectly to lift heavy objects, can strain the lower back.
5. Spinal Abnormalities
Structural abnormalities in the spine can lead to chronic lower back pain. Some common spinal deformities include:
- Hyperlordosis (excessive inward spinal curve)
- Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
- Lumbar scoliosis (sideways curvature of the spine)
- Spondylolisthesis (vertebra slippage)
6. Spinal Fractures
Spinal fractures can occur due to falls or accidents. A stress fracture from excessive pressure on the spine may result in spondylolysis, causing significant pain.
7. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, a condition causing decreased bone density, makes bones fragile and prone to fractures. If a spinal fracture occurs due to osteoporosis, it can lead to chronic lower back pain.
8. Arthritis
Arthritis, an inflammation of the joints, can affect the lower spine. Osteoarthritis in the spine may lead to spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of nerve pathways, causing pain and discomfort.
9. Menstruation
In some cases, menstrual cramps can cause lower back pain. However, the pain typically subsides as the menstrual cycle progresses. If the pain persists, consulting a neurologist or orthopedic specialist may be necessary.
10. Underlying Medical Conditions
Although rare, lower back pain may be caused by serious health conditions such as spinal tumors or cancer. Other conditions, such as fibromyalgia and kidney stones, may also contribute to lower back pain.
How to Relieve Lower Back Pain
To manage lower back pain, consider the following methods:
- Exercise to strengthen muscles: Core muscles play a vital role in supporting the spine. Strengthening these muscles can reduce spinal pressure and alleviate pain.
- Daily stretching: Stretching the glutes and lower back muscles can help relieve muscle tension.
- Maintain proper sitting posture: Ergonomic sitting positions support good posture and minimize spinal strain.
- Learn correct lifting techniques: Proper lifting methods, especially when picking up objects from low positions, can prevent spinal injuries.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put extra pressure on the spine, leading to pain. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help maintain an ideal weight.
When to See a Doctor
In general, the above methods can help relieve lower back pain. However, you should consult an orthopedic specialist if:
- Pain persists for more than two weeks
- Pain is severe and does not improve with rest
- Pain radiates down one or both legs
- Weakness or paralysis occurs in the legs
These symptoms may indicate a more serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.
You can visit a general orthopedic surgeon or a spinal orthopedic specialist, such as Dr. Mohammad Fachry Lubis, Sp.OT-(K) at Mandaya Orthopedic & Movement Centre.
For appointments, you can chat via WhatsApp, book an appointment, or download the Care Dokter app on Google Play and the App Store.
